PD Dr. Jacek Raddatz
Senior Scientist
Research Divison 1: Ocean Circulation and Climate Dynamics
Research Unit: Paleo-Oceanography
Wischhofstr. 1-3
Building. 8c, Room 109
D-24148 Kiel
Tel.+49-431-600-2316
jraddatz(at)geomar.de
Research Focus
Paleoceanography
Cold-water corals and their reefs/mounds/ecosystems through space and time
Development of geochemical proxies (Trace elements as well as traditional and non-traditional isotope systems) in marine carbonates (corals, foraminifera, bivalves. brachiopods, coralline red algae)
Intermediate water mass dynamics
Quaternary geochronology and isotope stratigraphy
Sedimentary systems on continental margins
The oceans carbonate system
Professional Career
since 01/2024: Senior Scientist
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RD 1, Paleo-Oceanography
since 02/2020 Private Dozent (PD) at the Department of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
04/2015-12/2023: Assistant Professor
Department of Geosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
01/2013 – 03/2015: Postdoc
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany, (BMBF, Manihiki II)
01/2012 – 12/2012: Postdoc
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany, (DFG, ECHO),
06/2008 – 12/2011: Research Assistant (PhD candidate)
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany, (DFG, ISOLDE)
Education
10/2019: Habilitation, venia legendi in Geology, Goethe University Frankfurt, entitled: “Marine biogenic carbonates as geochemical archives to understand past ocean circulation, chemistry, and ecosystems dynamics”
06/2008 - 01/2012: PhD at University of Kiel, Germany, entitled ": Origin, growth and demise of cold-water coral mound Challenger, IODP Site U1317" (Supervisor: Prof. Dullo)
10/2002 - 04/2008: Diploma in Physical Geography (Minor: Physics and Ecology), University of Osnabrück, Germany, Diploma-thesis at Alfred-Wegner-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany (Supervisor: Prof. Stein)
Research Projects
as PI
2024-2026 Priority Programme IODP/ICDP: Searching for the origin of the Northern Hemisphere Mid-Pleistocene Transition into a 100-ka climate variability” (German Science Foundation)
2020-2024 LOEWE –Project: ”VeWA – Vergangene Warmzeiten als natürliche Analoge unserer „hoch-CO2“-Klimazukunft. Lead: Institute of Geosciences Goethe-University Lead: Institute of Geosciences Goethe-University, Prof. Müller, Partner: Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung; Subproject A6:” Atmospheric circulation patterns recorded in geochemical signatures of mid-latitudes marine bivalves”. http://www.vewa-project.de/ (Ministry of Science and Art, Hessen)
2018-2021 RISE - High-resolution records of environmental change in cold-water coral reefs: geochemical evidence recorded in the skeleton of the marine bivalve Acesta excavata “. (German Science Foundation)
2017-2018 Cold-water corals off Brazil (FOCUS – Goethe University Frankfurt)
2012-2013: Priority Programme IODP/ICDP: Project RA 2156/1-1: ECHO - Intermediate water mass history at a cold-water coral habitat in the North Atlantic: Geochemical signals from IODP Site U1317 “ (German Science Foundation)
as Co-Pi/Associated Partner
2023-2029: T-Sector - Testing Solid Earth Climate Connections Through mid Ocean Ridge Time Series, PIs. Frank, Hoernle, Kopp, Langmuir (ERC-Synergy)
2022-2025: Common Era ENSO variability in the West Central Pacific inferred from isotopic and trace element analysis of Porites microatolls, Priority Programme 2299 Tropcial Corals,PI: Knebel (German Science Foundation)
2018-2022: "Unconventional carbonate factories in the Eastern Mediterranean: cold water coral ecosystems and seeps", PIs: Spezzaferri, Foubert (Swiss National Science Foundation)
2016-2020: "Foraminifera and carbonates as archives of sea level changes: The Maldives and IODP Expedition 359", PIs: Spezzaferri (Swiss National Science Foundation)
2015-2016: "Seafloor methane seeps, carbonate build-ups and deep-sea corals in an oligotrophic marginal sea – the case of the southeast Mediterranean offshore Israel" for Call "Regional 3", PIs: Makovsky, Rüggeberg (EUROFLEETS2 Ship time Proposal, European Union FP7 Programme)
2012-2016: Cold-Water Coral Mound Development Related to Intermediate Water Density Gradient (INWADE), Priority Programme IODP/ICDP PsI: Dullo, Rüggeberg (German Science Foundation)
Seagoing Expeditions
Upcoming
SO314, RV Sonne, SE Pacific Rise, September/October 2025
Past
SO306, RV Sonne, Port Loius (Mauritius) - Durban (South Africa) August/September 2024
M 151, RV METEOR: Ponta Del Garda, Azores (Portugal) - Funchal, Madeira (Portugal, October 2018)
MSM 55, RV MARIA S. MERIAN: Reykiavik (Iceland) - Longyearbyen, Svaldbard (Norway, June 2016)
M 125, RV METEOR: Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) - Fortaleza (Brazil, March - April 2016)
POS 457, RV POSEIDON: Reykjavik (Island) - Galway (Ireland, August 2013)
SO 225, RV SONNE: Suva (Fiji) - Manihiki Plateau - Auckland (New Zealand, Nov.2012 – Jan.2013)
POS 408/3, RV POSEIDON: Jeddah - Jeddah (Saudi Arabia, February - March 2011)
M 80/3, RV METEOR: Dakar (Senegal) - Las Palmas (Spain, December 2009 - February 2010)
POS 391, RV POSEIDON: Bremerhaven - Northern Norway - Kiel (Germany, September 2009)
TTR-17/3, RV PROF. LOGACHEV: Bergen - Tromsö (Norway, July 2008)
Several 1-2 day cruises in the German Bight with RV Senckenberg since 2017
(Sedimentological field course - Goethe University Frankfurt)
Publications
https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=36622768300
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0t3IQ48AAAAJ&hl=en
(*marks PhD, **Master, ***Bachelor students supervised by Jacek Raddatz)
Submitted/under review
Peterson, J., Schmiedel, G., Raddatz, J., Bahr, A., Pross, J. and M. Mojtahid. Controls on barium incorporation into tests of benthic foraminifera from the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean Sea) – towards a species-specific Ba/Ca calibration ( Marine Micropaleontology)
2024
42. *Kniest, J.F., Evans, D., Gerdes, A., Cantine, M., Todd, J.A., Sigwart, J., Vellekoop, J., Müller, W., Voigt, S. and Raddatz, J. (2024) Spatiotemporal changes in riverine input into the Eocene North Sea revealed by strontium isotopes and barium analyses of bivalve shells. Scientific Reports14, 28806. doi: org/10.1038/s41598-024-79779-0
41. Pinna, F, Ragazzola, F., Piazzi, L., Evans, D., Raddatz, J., Ceccherelli, G. Crustose coralline algae exhibit complex repsonses to breakage under current and future and climate scenarios. Marine Pollution Bulletin 209, 117219. doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117219
40. Bajnai, D., Klipsch, S., Davies, A., Raddatz, J. Gischler, E., Rüggeberg, A., Pack, A. and Herwartz D. (2024) Correcting for "vital effects" in coral carbonate. Geochemical Perspectives Letters 31 . pp. 38-43. doi.org/10.7185/geochemlet.2430
39. *Kniest, J.F., Davies, A., Brugger, J.,Bernecker, M., Fiebig, J., Todd, J.A. Hickler, T., Voigt, S, Woodland, A. and Raddatz J. (2024) Reconstructing variations in marginal sea freshening by seasonal resolved dual clumped isotopes from Mid-Eocene bivalve shell. Communication Earth & Environment 5, 330. doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01491-8
38. Huber, S. J., Schlidt, V., Seitz, H.-M., *Kniest, J. F., Raddatz, J., Marschall, H. R., & Voigt, S. (2024). Assessment of chalk as an archive for the lithium isotope composition of seawater. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 25, e2023GC011150.
37. Nambiar R, *Kniest JF, Schmidt A, Raddatz J, Müller W, Evans D. Accurate measurement of K/Ca in low-[K] carbonate samples using laser-ablation sector-field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (2024) Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom., 38(5):e9692.
2023
36. Raddatz, J., Beisel, E., Butzin, M., Schröder-Ritzrau, S., Betzler, C,.Friedrich, R., Frank, N. (2023) Variable ventilation ages of thermocline waters during the LGM in the equatorial Indian Ocean. Scientific Reports 13, 11355.
2022
35. Davies, A., Guo, W., Bernecker, M., Tagliavento, M., Raddatz, J., Gischer, E., Flögel, S., Fiebig J. (2022) Dual clumped isotope thermometry of coral carbonate. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta, 338, 66-78.
34. Raddatz, J., Bahr, A., Chiessi, C.M. and Häggi, C. (2022) Editorial: Climate and ocean dynamics at the Brazilian margin – Past and present. Frontiers in Marine Science 9:1033387.
33. ***Endress, S, *Schleinkofer, N, Schmidt, A, Tracey, D, Frank, N. and Raddatz, J. (2022) The cold-water coral Solenosmilia variabilis as a paleoceanographic archive for the reconstruction of intermediate water mass temperature variability on the Brazilian continental margin. Frontiers Marine Science 9:909407.
32. Arndt, I, Voigt, S, Petschick, R, Hou, A, Raddatz, J, Albuquerque, A.L.S. and Bahr. A (2022) Spatiotemporal Discharge Variability of the Doce River in SE Brazil During MIS 6 and 5. Frontiers in Earth Science 10:864381.
31. Raddatz, J. Liebetrau, V, Rüggeberg, A., Foubert, A., Nürnberg, D., **Musiol, J., Hissmann, K., Goepfert, T., Eisenhauer, T., Dullo, W.Chr. (2022) Living on the Edge: environmental variability of a shallow late Holocene cold-water coral mound. Coral Reefs doi: 10.1007/s00338-022-02249-4
30. Spahr, D, Bayarjargal, L., Vinograd, V., Etter, M., Raddatz, J. and Winkler, B. (2022) Incorporation of Europium into (Ba,Ca) (CO3)2. Solid State Chemistry, 307,122759.
2021
29. *Schleinkofer, N., Evans, D., Wisshak, M., Büscher, J. V., Fiebig, J., Freiwald, A., **Härter, S., Marschall, H. R., Voigt, S., and Raddatz, J. (2021). Host influenced geochemical signature in the parasitic foraminifer Hyrrokkin sarcophaga. Biogeosciences, 18, 1–21, 2021.
28. Stainbank, S., Spezzaferri, S., Rüggeberg, A., Raddatz, J., De Leau, E.S., Yu, M.S., Zhang, M., and Kroon D. (2021). Monsoon and tropical climate forcing on the physicochemical and thermocline characteristics of the Maldives Inner Sea. Paleoceanography & Paleoclimatology, 36, e2020PA004105
27. Meier, K.J.F., Bahr, A., Chiessi, C.M., Albuquerque, A.L., Raddatz, J., and Friedrich, O. (2021). Role of the tropical Atlantic for the interhemispheric heat transport during the last deglaciation. Paleoceanography & Paleoclimtology, 36, e2020PA004107.
26. *Schleinkofer, N., Raddatz, J, Evans, D, Voigt, S., Gerdes, A., Flögel, S and Wisshak, M. (2021) Elemental to calcium ratios in the marine bivalve Acesta excavata: a new archive for high-resolution paleoceanographic reconstructions of intermediate water masses. PLOS ONE 16(4): e0245605.
2020
25. Bahr, A., Doubrawa, M., Titschack, J., Austermann, G., Nürnberg, D., Albuquerque, A.L., Friedrich, O. and Raddatz J. (2020) Monsoonal forcing controlled cold water coral growth off south-eastern Brazil during the past 160 kyrs, Biogeosciences, 17, 5883–5908.
24. Bajnai, D., Guo, W, Löffler, N., Methner, K., Krsnik, E., Coplen, T, Gischler, E., Hansen, M., Henkel, D, Price, G., Raddatz, J., Scholz, D, Spötl, C., and Fiebig, J. (2020) Combined clumped isotope measurements resolves bias in carbonate formation temperatures. Nature Communications, 11:4005.
23. Hou, A., Bahr, A., Raddatz, J., Voigt, S., Greule, M., Albuquerque, A.,L., Chiessi, C.M., Friedrich, O. (2020) Insolation and greenhouse gas forcing of the South American Monsoon System across three glacial-interglacial cycles. Geophysical Research Letters, 46, e2020GL087948.
22. Stainbank, S., Spezzaferri, S., De Boever, E., Bouvier, A.S., Chilcott, C., de Leau, E.S., Kunkelova, T., Pichevin, L., Raddatz, J., Rüggeberg, A., Wright, J., Yu,S., Zhang, M., and Kroon, D. (2020) Diagenetic influences on foraminiferal geochemistry from a low latitude, shallow-water drift deposit. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 545, 116390.
21. Raddatz, J. Titschack, J., Frank, N., Freiwald, A. Conforti, A., Osborne, A., Skonitzke, S. W, Stiller, W. Rüggeberg, A., Voigt, S. Albuquerque, ALS., Vertino, A., Schröder-Ritzrau, A. and Bahr. A. (2020) Solenosmilia variabilis-bearing cold-water mounds off Brazil. Coral Reefs. 39:69-83.
2019
20. Frisch, K., Voigt, S., Verestek, V., Appel, E., Albert, R. Gerdes, A, Arndt, I., Raddatz, J., Voigt, T., Weber, Y and Batenburg S. (2019) Long-period astronomical forcing modified Westerlies strength in Central Asia in course of Miocene climate cooling. Paleoclimatology & Paleoceanography, 34.
19. Raddatz, J., and Rüggeberg, A. (2019) Constraining past environmental boundary conditions of cold-water coral mounds with geochemical proxies in corals and foraminifera. The Depositional Record, doi: 10.1002/dep2.98. (invited review paper) (Special Issue on Carbonate Deposits, finally published in June 2021)
18. Wisshak, M, Neumann, H., Rüggeberg, A., Büscher, J., Linke, P. and Raddatz J. (2019) Epibenthos dynamics and environmental fluctuations in two contrasting polar carbonate factories (Mosselbukta and Bjørnøy-Banken, Svalbard). Frontiers in Marine Science, 6:667.
17. **Schleinkofer, N., Raddatz, J., Freiwald, A., Evans, D., Rüggeberg, A., Beuck L., and Liebetrau V. (2019) Environmental versus biological controls on Na/Ca ratios in scleractinian cold-water corals. Biogeosciences, 16, 3565–3582.
16. Stainbank, S., Kroon, D., Rüggeberg, A. Raddatz J., De Leau, E.S., Zhang, M. and Spezzaferri S. (2019) Controls on planktonic foraminifera apparent calcification depths for the northern equatorial Indian Ocean. PLOS ONE 14(9): e0222299.
15. Skornitzke, S, Raddatz, J., Pahn, G., Bahr, A., Kauczor, H.U., and Stiller, W. (2019) An automated alignment correction algorithm for CT imaging: evaluation based on a CT image quality phantom and application to sediment cores from cold-water coral mounds. European Radiology Experimental, 3, 12.
14. Jurikova, H., Liebetrau, V., Raddatz, J., Fietzke, J., Trotter, J., Rocholl, A., Krause, S., McCulloch, M., Rüggeberg, A. and Eisenhauer, A. (2019) Boron isotope composition of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa along the Norwegian margin: Zooming into a potential pH-proxy by combining bulk and high-resolution approaches. Chemical Geology, 513, 143-152.
2018
13. Bajnai, D., Fiebig, J., Tomašových, A., Milner, S.G., Rollion-Bard, C., Raddatz, J., Löffler, N., Primo-Ramos, C. and Brand, W. (2018) Assessing kinetic fractionation in brachiopod calcite using clumped isotopes. Scientific Reports, 8, 533.
2017
12. Raddatz, J., Nürnberg, D., Tiedemann, R. and Rippert, N. (2017) Southeastern marginal West Pacific Warm Pool sea-surface and thermocline dynamics during the Pleistocene (2.5–0.5 Ma). PalAeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 471, 144–156.
2016
11. Raddatz, J, Liebetrau, V., Trotter, J., Rüggeberg, A., Flögel, S., Eisenhauer, A., Dullo, W. Chr. Voigt, S., and McCulloch, M. (2016) Environmental constraints on Holocene cold-water coral reef growth off Norway: Insights from a multiproxy approach. Paleoceanography, 31.
10. Rippert, N, Nürnberg, D., Raddatz, J., Maier, E., Hathorne E.C., Bijma, J., and Tiedemann R. (2016) Constraining foraminiferal calcification depths in the western Pacific warm pool, Marine Micropaleontology. 128, 14-27.
9. Rüggeberg, A., Flögel, S., Dullo, W.Chr., Raddatz, J., and Liebetrau V. (2016) Paleoseawater density reconstruction and its implication for cold-water coral carbonate mounds in the northeast Atlantic through time. Paleoceanography, 31.
2015
8. Nürnberg, D., Böschen, T., Doering, K., Mollier-Vogel, Raddatz, J and Schneider, R. (2015) Seasurface and subsurface circulation dynamics off equatorial Peru during the last 17kyrs. Paleoceanography, 30, 984–999.
2014
7. Raddatz, J., Rüggeberg, A. Floegel, S., Hathorne, E., Liebetrau, V., Eisenhauer, A. and Dullo, W.Chr. (2014) The influence of seawater pH on U/Ca ratios in the scleractinian cold-water corals Lophelia pertusa. Biogeosciences, 11, 1863-1871.
6. Vollstaedt, H, Eisenhauer, A., Wallmann, K., Böhm, F., Fietzke, J., Liebetrau, V., Krabbenhöft, A., Farkas,J, Tomasovych, A., Raddatz, J., and Veizer, J. (2014) The Phanerozoic δ88/86Sr record of seawater: New implications for the Ocean Chemistry of the past. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 128, 249-265.
5. Raddatz, J., Rüggeberg, A., Liebetrau, V., Foubert, A., Hathorne, E. C., Fietzke, J., Eisenhauer, A. and Dullo, W.Chr. (2014) Environmental boundary conditions of cold-water coral mound growth over the last 3 Million years in the Porcupine Seabight, Northeast Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 99, 227-236.
2013
4. Hathorne E. C., Gagnon A., Felis T., Adkins J., Asami R., Boer W., Caillon N., Case D., Cobb K. M., Douville E., Demenocal P., Eisenhauer A., Garbe-Schönberg D., Geibert W., Goldstein S., Hughen K., Inoue M., Kawahata H., Kölling M., Cornec F. L., Linsley B. K., McGregor H. V., Montagna P., Nurhati I. S., Quinn T. M., Raddatz J., Rebaubier H., Robinson L., Sadekov A., Sherrell R., Sinclair D., Tudhope A. W., Wei G., Wong H., Wu H. C. und You C.-F. (2013) Inter-laboratory study for coral Sr/Ca and other element/Ca ratio measurements. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14 (9), 3730-3750.
3. Raddatz, J., Liebetrau, V., Rüggeberg, A., Hathorne, E., Krabbenhöft, A., Eisenhauer, A., Böhm, F., Vollstaedt, H., Fietzke, J., López Correa, M., Freiwald, A. and Dullo, W. Chr. (2013) Stable Sr-isotope, Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, Li/Ca and Mg/Li ratios in the scleractinian cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa. Chemical Geology, 352. 143-152.
2011
2. Raddatz, J., López Correa, M., Rüggeberg, A., Dullo, W.Chr. and Hansteen, T. (2011) Bioluminescence in deep-sea isidid gorgonians from the Cape Verde archipelago. Coral Reefs, 30 (3), 579.
1. Raddatz, J., Rüggeberg, A., Margreth, S. Dullo, W.Chr. and the IODP Expedition 307 Scientific Party (2011) Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of Challenger Mound initiation in the Porcupine Seabight, NE Atlantic. Marine Geology, 282, 79-90. (Editor’s Choice – open access).
Other Publications (selected)
Blaser, P. & Raddatz, J. Undisturbed measurements of oxygen in deep-sea sediments with oxygen sensitive foil (2018). PreSens, Application Note. 1-5.
Augustin, N., Schmidt, M., Devey, C. W., Al-Aidaroos, A. M., Kürten, B., Eisenhauer, A., Brückmann, W.,Dengler, M., van der Zwan, F. M., Feldens, P., Kwasnitschka, T., Bantan, R. A., Basaham, A., Metz, D.,Hagemann, J., Al-Dhouyan, I. O., Al-Farawati, R., Al-Haj, A., Al-Nomani, S., Al-Nuwairah, M., Al-Mehana, W., Al-Sofyani, A., Al-Yousef, S., Al-Barakati, A., Audritz, S., Bauersachs, T., Bruss, G., Elgarafi, A. E., El-Sherbini, M., Haredy, R., Hissmann, K., Jamal, M., Khomayis, H. S., Kotob, A., Laurila, T., Linke, P., McGinnis, D., Orif, I. M., Pena-Garcia, D., Raddatz, J., Sas, A., Sawall, Y., Schauer, J., Sommer, S., Winder, M. and Walther, S. (2014) The Jeddah Transect Project: Extensive mapping of the Red Sea Rift, InterRidge News, 22, 68-73.
Invited (only) – Talks and lectures
Environmental boundary conditions of Quaternary Cold-Water coral Ecosystems, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg 17.01. (2024):
Scleractinian cold-water corals as geochemical archives in palaeoceanography, Heidelberg University, Institute of Environmental Physics, 21.07. (2022)
Scleractinian cold-water corals as geochemical archives in paleoceanography, German Geological Association, Sedimentology/SEPM-CES, 12.05.(2022)
Cold-water corals through space and time, Geoscience Colloquium, Senckenberg Natural History Collection Dresden, 10.03. (2020)
Cold-water carbonates as paleoceanographic archives, Geoscience Colloquium Leibniz University Hannover, 27.01. (2020)
Marine carbonates as geochemical archives to understand past ocean changes, Senckenberg at the Sea Colloquium, Wilhelmshaven, 21.11. 8.(2018)
The coral mound archive, ECORD Summer School, Current-Controlled Sea Floor Archives: Coral Mounds and Contourites, 21.-1.09., MARUM, Bremen. (2017)
New geochemical proxies to unravel the paleo-environmental signal in carbonate mounds 1st International Carbonate Mound Conference, 1-5.11., Monte Verita, Switzerland. (2015)
Environmental boundary conditions of cold-water coral mound growth over the last 3 Myr, COCARDE, 10.-13.06, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. (2014)
Supervision
2 PhD - Thesis
15 MSc and 14 BSc - Thesis
(*only as 1st supervisor)
Teaching Portfolio at Goethe University Frankfurt
Lectures
Quaternary (Climate) Geology (2 SWS, MSc) since 2015
Methods in Analytical Geochemistry (Ring-Lecture):
Part Inductively-Coupled-Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (3 hrs, BSc) since 2015
System Earth: Part Sedimentology (Ring-Lecture) (3 SWS, BSc) 2017
Seminars
Methods in (Geochemical) Paleoceanography (2 SWS, MSc) 2015-2020
Sedimentology (2 SWS, BSc and MSc) since 2018
Coastal Sedimentary Geology (2 SWS, BSc and MSc) 2019-2021
Biominerals as Climate Archives 2020-2021
Software Courses
Ocean Data View (2 SWS, MSc) since 2018
Lab Courses
Methods in Sedimentology (5 days, 2 SWS, BSc) since 2015
ICP-OES (2-day course including sample preparation and measuring, BSc) since 2015
Excursions
Sedimentological field course: North Sea / Waddensea
(5-7 days, including 1-2 days on-board RV Senckenberg, BSc and MSc) since 2017
